dung beetle 與 生雞糞

生雞糞的英文 : raw/fresh chicken manure

前陣子新聞報導南投某鄉鎮種植鳳梨 用生雞糞施肥
結果引來大批蒼蠅 ...
恰巧這幾天聽TED Talk 發現 dung beetle [3] 這篇演講... 

所以收集了一些'糞'的相關字 :
dung, poo, poop, shit,
manure,excrement, defecation

compost : 堆肥
maure: 糞肥
ferment: 發酵


//===
dung beetle  就是'屎殼螂'/蜣螂/屎殼蟲? 與蟑螂(cockroach)有何不同呢？[5,6]
dung beetle 把收集到的 '材料' 做成球狀 就是dung ball
方便推移到 '倉庫' 在推移的過程中 dung beetle
不時的頭下腳上 倒立推行 因為生存的環境是酷熱的沙漠?
避免灼傷 dung beetle 會不斷的變換著地的雙腳 ...?

During pushing forward  dung ball to the repository,
the dung beetle swapped the feet from touching dung ball to touching ground
by turning  itself upside down to avoid the hot-sand burn ...



" ... Composting without oxygen results in fermentation. ..."  [1]
意思就是說 無氧堆肥就自然成了發酵 ?


"... Is it okay to use dried chicken manure in the garden without it going through some sort of composting procedure first?
...
It depends on how old your chicken manure is.

Fresh chicken poop is very high in nitrogen and
will burn plants...." [2]




"... 基肥較不推薦使用雞糞，因為它氮含量較高切有機質含量較低，會影響植株初期生長。特別是生雞糞（指未發酵者）施用後易生雜菌且會持續發酵生
如果已使用雞糞，那後續追肥可酌量降低氮肥量，以免植株枝葉生長過旺而影響結果。
..." [4]



[ref]
1. http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ag/compost/fundamentals/biology_anaerobic.htm

2. http://forums.organicgardening.com/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/8041078301/m/6671025601

3. http://www.ted.com/talks/marcus_byrne_the_dance_of_the_dung_beetle.html

4. http://kmweb.coa.gov.tw/knowledge/knowledge_cp.aspx?ArticleId=751206&ArticleType=A&CategoryId=A&kpi=0

5. http://wenwen.soso.com/z/q316655900.htm

6. http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1010032604368

7. 屎殼螂戴花 http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/bird2100/post/1323184427

bumble, crumble, crumple

The president has stumbled and bumbled his way since he was on stage.

The crumpled economy, the stagnant wages, the labor protest, the corruption of some principals and  high-level officers pressurize the ruling party towards crumbling.



//=== 執政黨的英文
the governing party
the ruling party
the party in power


//===
[ref]
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120321122254AAs8nms
http://www.standard.co.uk/news/schools-spent-30k-on-parties-as-classrooms-crumbled-6715704.html
http://tw.websaru.com/%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8.html


[ps]
Bumbling is as pervasive as corruption across countries
regardless that they are developed, developing or under-development.

see/look, oversee/overlook, outsee/outlook

//=== oversee == overlook . 有正反雙面的意思
正面: 監督 , 檢查, 看漏, 瞭望, 俯瞰
反面: 失察, 寬容, 睜一眼閉一眼, 疏漏

//=== outsee, outlook 似乎只有正面的意思
outsee: 卓見, 灼見, 看穿, 洞察  == to see beyond == to excel/surpass in foresight
outlook: 展望[to look out], 前景, 觀點[perspective, viewpoint]


//=== foresee/forelook
foresee: to predict

[example]
Pimco's Investment Outlook often looks back at the past and foresees the economy with oversight.


[ref]
http://cdict.net
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/

英美的重量單位 grain, ounce, pound

三種奠基於"grain"的重量單位系統
Avoirdupois, Troy, Apothecary[複數Apothecaries]

grain 在這三種系統是等重的

i.e. 1 grain = 1 troy grain =1 avoirdupois grain = 1 apothecaries grain

//=== Avoirdupois :
1 pound = 1 lb  = 453.59237 g == 1 av pound == 1 pound av
1 ounce = 1 oz  = 1/16 pound = 28.349523125 g == 1 oz av == 1 av oz
1 dram = 1 dr = 1/16 oz = 1/256 pound
1 grain = 1/7000 pound = 0.06479891 g


玉米, 小麥, 大麥的重量單位
1 bushel (corn) = 56 lb = 25.4012 kg
1 bushel (wheat) = 60 lb = 27.2155 kg
1 bushel (barley) = 48 lb = 21.7724 kg

//=== Troy, 目前主要用於金屬及寶石的重量表示
Troy 就是木馬屠城記的特洛伊城, 比較常見的是他的形容詞trojan
(因為電腦病毒 ... )

troy pound(lb t) == pound troy == libra
troy ounce(oz t) == ounce troy

1 troy pound = 12 troy ounces = 5760 grains = 144/175 pound av
1 troy ounce = 1/12 troy pound= 12/175 pound av= 31.1034768 g

1 pennyweight= 1 dwt = 24 grains =  1/20 troy ounce
1 troy pound =  12 troy ounces = 240 pennyweights =  5760 grains

新聞中常聽到的黃金價格每盎司1700USD 指的就是 1700USD/31.1034768g
也就是每公克大約 54.656USD -> 每公克大約 54.656 *30 NTD = 1639.7 NTD

令
1 troy ounce = x g,
1 USD= y NTD

當 x=y 時
黃金每盎司的價格 u USD
黃金每公克的價格 n NTD
u=n

[金的元素符號是Au，原子序是79,  Au -> Aurum -> Aurora]



//=== Apothecaries, not used now


    "   The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 troy grains; so that 175
        pounds troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois, or 1 pound troy
        = 0.82286 of a pound avoirdupois, and 1 ounce troy =
        117/175 or 1.09714 ounce avoirdupois. Troy weight when
        divided, the pound into 12 ounces, the ounce into 8 drams,
        the dram into 3 scruples, and the scruple into 20 grains,
        is called apothecaries' weight, ...

    "



[ref]
http://cdict.net/?q=troy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_(unit)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoirdupois
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_weight
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_unit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_unit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_customary_units

carrot 胡蘿蔔的同音字

carrot: 胡蘿蔔, 紅蘿蔔
caret: ^
carat: 克拉 / K金
karat: K金

"18-karat gold is 75% gold; 24-karat gold is pure gold ... "
24 K金 == 純金

//=== How heavy is one carat?
"It was formerly defined as 3.17 grains, but the international carat is now standardized
as 0.20 grams ..."
現在
1 克拉= 200 毫克
1 carat= 200 mg (milligrams)



[ref]
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/karat
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/carat 

翹翹板 與 鋸子, see and saw

saw 作動詞是鉅東西 , 也是 see 的過去式
saw 作名詞則是鋸子

傳說中的句子 : 鋸(n)鋸(v)鋸(n)
i saw a saw saw a saw

seesaw 合在一起就成了翹翹板
是否因翹翹板 高低來回擺動 看來就像鋸齒往復呢?

sightsee (v) : to visit famous sights (景點旅遊)
sightsaw 則是 sightsee 的過去式

[example]
The aged man sightsaw on his own by Taiwan Taveling Bus
and played on a seesaw in the green park without balance ...

//===
seesaw == fulcrum(支點) + lever(槓桿)
兩端的承載通常稱為 load 與 effort

seesaw其實就像大的天平, Libra (Balance, Scales)

Libra 天平(天秤)座, 12星座中的第七個
libra 也是重量的單位
1 libra = 1 lb = 1 pound = 1鎊 = 12盎司(ounces)
[古羅馬重量單位?]

Libra  讓我聯想到
天平上的瑪爾濟斯
秤桿子挑江山 - 劉羅鍋

司法允善 如秤 平人心
司法允惡 如鋸 斷朝綱
...

沒有Libra 則成Cobra
沒有Equilibrium 則需 Librium

No Libra, then Cobra
No Equilibrium, then Librium


[ref]
http://www.wordbyletter.com/suffixe.php
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/libra

NoNo 3

No fire, No hire [福禍相生 / 一個蘿蔔一個坑]

No precision, No decision [沒有金剛鑽 莫攬瓷器活]

No obstacle, No miracle [玉不琢不成器/ 恩威並施]

No height, No sight [登高望遠 / 換位置換腦袋]

No agent, No intelligent [千里馬待伯樂 / 關公猶需赤兔馬 / 水清無魚 ]



No sense, No pence
No pence, No expense
No expense, No sense

cyanogen

cyanogen [s ai 'ae no j.n]
之所以想查這個單字 是因為最近流行 android的手機/平板
趕流行 也試著學習刷機改ROM(flashing ROM)
網路上有著許多不同版本的ROM
cyanogenMod 頗受歡迎
cyanogenMod的前身就是 cyanogen project ...

根據thefreedictionary.com
"a colorless toxic gas with a pungent almond odor; ..."

"from French cyanogène; see cyano-, -gen; so named
because it is one of the constituents of Prussian blue"

--> 無色 有毒 具刺鼻杏仁味的氣體 

--> 由cyan (普魯士藍, Prussian blue) 衍生而來 

i.e. Prussian blue 布料/染劑中 含有cyanogen?  

Android 小人偶圖像的底色似乎就是cyan 

cyanogen is colorless toxic gas 

似乎也暗指了刷機改ROM的風險 ...

~~~ 飲鴆止渴 / 福禍相倚 ~~~

NoNo 2

No loss, No boss       [吃虧就是占便宜 / 一將功成萬骨枯]
No load, No road       [任重道遠/ 馬路就是用來壓的]
No dime, No time      [山中歲月無甲子/ 沒錢沒時間]
No logs, No blogs     [積沙成塔/ 事出有因]
No play, No way       [不搞沒出路/ 活路外交]
No jail, No tail
...

No No , suffix pair

No money, No honey;
No fights, No rights;
No vocation, No vacation;

No holes, No moles ? 
No moles, No holes ?


No Hawaii, No Kawaii ;
No position, No acquisition;  


[ref]
http://www.wordbyletter.com

sham, shame, shamble, shambles

Walking out of shambles
in shambling steps,

glancing at the city with a sham smile.
a shamed aged man in the dusk with
a crowing tree.

頹圮步蹣跚
餘光強笑顏
相思羞君老
昏鴉啼雲天

 a sham smile = a pretending smile

rhythm, rhyme and rime , 椰子樹 與 菊花 的英文

She came in  the breezy rhythm of coco palm,
singing in spring young rhyme,
but finally left in fall's rime on mums of chrysanths.

rhythm /ri th.m/
rhyme /r ai m/

coco palm== coconut palm == coconut tree
 mums of chrysanths == chrysanthemum

Linsanity, Lincredible

最近林書豪(Jeremy Lin) 在 NBA 迅速竄紅,
讓我聯想到古龍小說裡的經典人物 - 阿飛
一個無名小卒(a nobody, a pawn?)  連敗諸多成名劍客(sword master)
成為頂尖高手 ...

Linsanity(林來瘋),  Lincredible ... 成為流行新詞彙

insane 是 sane的相反詞 , sane == making sense
insane == not making sense, crazy,  通常是負面的意思
Linsanity 可以做兩種拆解
Lin-sanity 與 L-insanity

Lin-sanity:  Lin is a clever  player observing, thinking and reacting to the dynamic situations.
L-insanity:  Lin is a passionate player affecting his teamates and the fans.

這樣算是雙關語嗎(pun?)

incredible 是 credible 的相反詞, credible== having credits
incredible == not having credits, beyond credits
卻常有正面的意涵
另一個credible的相反詞 uncredible 也許就純是負面的意思?

Lin's incredible performance comes from the credible, scientific and hard training.

//=== 負面與假負面的形容詞
負面: worthless, valueless
假負面: invalueable, priceless


//===
out of the question == impossible
out of question ( 早期指beyond question,
但近年已與out of the question混用,
因為實在太像了)


beyond question == no need to quesion == no doubt = doubtless



[ref]
http://som.twbbs.org/klee/notebook/note84.htm (雙關語的英文)
http://www.english.com.tw/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=33261

諧音字與同音字

homophone 指的是同音字,
例如 bare/bear, fair/fare, night/knight, light/lite? ...

那諧音字的英文是什麼?

quasi-homophone?

Brussel/brothel
fatal/veto
April/apple
Newt Gingrich/new linguage

樓梯間的英文

樓梯間 英文怎麼說?
網路上找了幾次 發現兩個說法
stairwell : 頗符合從樓梯間往下望的感覺
staircase : 想想 briefcase, treasure case

stair 是台階,
台階連成的路就是'樓梯' stairway / staircase

stairway to heaven/hell

go upstairs 上樓
go downstairs 下樓

那樓梯扶手 英文怎麼說?
--> handrail, railing, rail


hold the handrail
hold to the handrail
hold on to the handrail
grasp the handrail


台北捷運常廣播:
"When taking the escalator, please stand on the right and hold the handrail firmly..."
//===
a flight of stairs 一段階梯
After climbing up a flight of stairs, i found the temple over the hill.

為何用'flight'?

就像
a cup of coffee
a glass of water
一匹布, 一頭牛, 一碗飯, ...



[ref]
http://som.twbbs.org/klee/notebook/note106.htm

諧音字

中文字常出現諧音的情形
棗子/早生貴子
蘋果/平平安安
...

英文裡的諧音字
不雅的例子 : sheet/shit

spreadsheet -> spread shit
cheatsheet -> cheat shit

Normally cheatsheet is not cheating but cheat shit?

The student's spreadsheet is just created for spreading shit?

Obama job insourcing

美國也快要大選了?
最近聽NPR radio, 常聽到job insourcing 這個詞彙

相對job insourcing 就是常說的 job outsourcing
job outsourcing 本意泛指(大)企業將工作 '外包'
給其他(小)公司/工作室/個人 , 雙方為契約關係而非勞雇關係
有著彈性, 節省勞健退等人事開支的優點

但對美國企業而言outsourcing 通常指
跨國外包(job outsourcing overseas)
除了考量他國薪資水平較低 兼顧在地服務之外
主要是為了節稅(tax saving)?

不過美國失業率近幾年都在高檔
Obama 在選舉的壓力下提出了 job insourcing 的口號/政策?
希望透過租稅假期(tax holiday/tax break)
鼓勵企業將外包至國外的工作轉回美國國內
...
repatriation 這個字就是 歸國/重回祖國懷抱/被遣送回國...
repatriation tax
repatriation holiday
repatriation tax holiday
repatriation tax break
tax break

其實2004年美國國會(Congress) 就曾通過
repatriation tax holiday(稅率可從35%降到5%?)
鼓勵企業將國外收益匯回國內 但須依規定用於特定用途
不過有法有洞 事後看來似乎沒能達到提振就業市場的效果
政府減徵的賦稅 流到了企業的荷包裡 ...

Obama 此番提出job insourcing 與相應的賦稅配套措施
能否奏效? 或者根本就是口號 一方面拉攏大企業
一方面討好選民 ...





[ref]
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203633104576623771022129888.html

http://www.local10.com/news/The-Latest-Headlines-from-CNN-Radio-and-the-CNN-Wire/-/1717324/7815792/-/tvf9o6z/-/

http://cdict.net/?q=repatriation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsourcing
http://money.cnn.com/2012/01/11/news/economy/obama_jobs_insourcing/index.htm